Metal-organic frameworks derived In-based nanoparticles encapsulated by carbonaceous matrix for highly efficient energy storage

The design and fabrication of novel material architectures via versatile strategy become one of the most fascinating research topics due to their fantastic properties. Specifically, the popular metal-organic-framework provides a rational strategy to overcome intrinsic limitations of existing synthetic methods for nanostructures. Herein, an intriguing kind of hollow In₂O₃/C porous hexagonal nanorods is presented for the application in lithium ion battery anodes, by a controlled one-step annealing process. The structural advantages of these materials are that the one-dimensional hollow porous nanorod structures can provide decreased lithium ions diffusion and electron transport lengths, more favorable pathways for efficient penetration of electrolyte, the numerous mesopores that could act as reservoirs for storing Li⁺, and also the ability to release the large volume expansion during charge/discharge. Additionally, carbon coating formed in situ can minimize the volume changes of In₂O₃, and act as an efficient electrical conducting pathway. This proposed anode delivers outstanding Li-storage capacity of 1078 mA h g⁻¹ and rate capability even to the current density of 2000 mA g⁻¹. The outstanding long-term stability (425 mA h g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹) further demonstrates its prominent properties.