Mechanical response characteristics of HMX crystals under resonant acoustic mixing

Zi Chao Wang; Jie Yao; Feng Wei Guo; Shuang Li; Yi Long Xu; Jun Hui Liu; Chen Shen; Xue Yong Guo; Shi Yan; Jian Xin Nie

doi:10.1002/prep.202400095

Mechanical response characteristics of HMX crystals under resonant acoustic mixing

Zi Chao Wang, Jie Yao, Feng Wei Guo, Shuang Li, Yi Long Xu, Jun Hui Liu, Chen Shen, Xue Yong Guo, Shi Yan^*, Jian Xin Nie^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Mechatronical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Understanding the mechanical response characteristics and determining the optimized process conditions is critical to mitigate crystal impacts during resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). Therefore, high-melting explosive (HMX) crystal collisions with container walls under different RAM accelerations were investigated through simulations and experiments. The HMX crystal damages after RAM were assessed using microscopic imaging, small-angle X-ray scattering, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller tests. Results show that crystal fractures observed in steel containers can be prevented by using low-modulus polytetrafluoroethylene containers. Rough containers reduce internal damage but increase surface abrasion. Lower RAM accelerations, shorter RAM durations, and low-modulus containers can mitigate HMX crystal damage.

Original language	English
Article number	e202400095
Journal	Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
Volume	49
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202400095
Publication status	Published - Aug 2024

Keywords

HMX crystal damage
energetic materials
finite element method
mechanical response
resonant acoustic mixing (RAM)

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10.1002/prep.202400095

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title = "Mechanical response characteristics of HMX crystals under resonant acoustic mixing",

abstract = "Understanding the mechanical response characteristics and determining the optimized process conditions is critical to mitigate crystal impacts during resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). Therefore, high-melting explosive (HMX) crystal collisions with container walls under different RAM accelerations were investigated through simulations and experiments. The HMX crystal damages after RAM were assessed using microscopic imaging, small-angle X-ray scattering, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller tests. Results show that crystal fractures observed in steel containers can be prevented by using low-modulus polytetrafluoroethylene containers. Rough containers reduce internal damage but increase surface abrasion. Lower RAM accelerations, shorter RAM durations, and low-modulus containers can mitigate HMX crystal damage.",

keywords = "HMX crystal damage, energetic materials, finite element method, mechanical response, resonant acoustic mixing (RAM)",

author = "Wang, {Zi Chao} and Jie Yao and Guo, {Feng Wei} and Shuang Li and Xu, {Yi Long} and Liu, {Jun Hui} and Chen Shen and Guo, {Xue Yong} and Shi Yan and Nie, {Jian Xin}",

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year = "2024",

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doi = "10.1002/prep.202400095",

language = "English",

volume = "49",

journal = "Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Mechanical response characteristics of HMX crystals under resonant acoustic mixing

AU - Wang, Zi Chao

AU - Yao, Jie

AU - Guo, Feng Wei

AU - Li, Shuang

AU - Xu, Yi Long

AU - Liu, Jun Hui

AU - Shen, Chen

AU - Guo, Xue Yong

AU - Yan, Shi

AU - Nie, Jian Xin

PY - 2024/8

Y1 - 2024/8

N2 - Understanding the mechanical response characteristics and determining the optimized process conditions is critical to mitigate crystal impacts during resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). Therefore, high-melting explosive (HMX) crystal collisions with container walls under different RAM accelerations were investigated through simulations and experiments. The HMX crystal damages after RAM were assessed using microscopic imaging, small-angle X-ray scattering, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller tests. Results show that crystal fractures observed in steel containers can be prevented by using low-modulus polytetrafluoroethylene containers. Rough containers reduce internal damage but increase surface abrasion. Lower RAM accelerations, shorter RAM durations, and low-modulus containers can mitigate HMX crystal damage.

AB - Understanding the mechanical response characteristics and determining the optimized process conditions is critical to mitigate crystal impacts during resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). Therefore, high-melting explosive (HMX) crystal collisions with container walls under different RAM accelerations were investigated through simulations and experiments. The HMX crystal damages after RAM were assessed using microscopic imaging, small-angle X-ray scattering, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller tests. Results show that crystal fractures observed in steel containers can be prevented by using low-modulus polytetrafluoroethylene containers. Rough containers reduce internal damage but increase surface abrasion. Lower RAM accelerations, shorter RAM durations, and low-modulus containers can mitigate HMX crystal damage.

KW - HMX crystal damage

KW - energetic materials

KW - finite element method

KW - mechanical response

KW - resonant acoustic mixing (RAM)

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U2 - 10.1002/prep.202400095

DO - 10.1002/prep.202400095

M3 - Article

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SN - 0721-3115

VL - 49

JO - Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

JF - Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

IS - 8

M1 - e202400095

ER -

Mechanical response characteristics of HMX crystals under resonant acoustic mixing

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