TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating the determinants of human development index in Pakistan
T2 - an empirical analysis
AU - Khan, Noor Hashim
AU - Ju, Yanbing
AU - Hassan, Syed Tauseef
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - In this modern era, the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) cannot be ignored for sustainable human development. However, Pakistan has experienced a considerable gap between ICT economic growth and human development. In this regard, this study has modeled the relationship between ICT, economic growth, and the human development index (HDI) considering urbanization, foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade for the period from 1990 to 2014. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM) approaches are used to analyze the data. The empirical results reveal that ICT promote human development index. Along with, economic growth has a positive and significant impact on human development. Besides, urbanization, trade, and FDI discourage human development in Pakistan. Finally, bidirectional causality is detected between the aforementioned variables. Recommendations to policymakers regarding the productive role of FDI and trade are provided.
AB - In this modern era, the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) cannot be ignored for sustainable human development. However, Pakistan has experienced a considerable gap between ICT economic growth and human development. In this regard, this study has modeled the relationship between ICT, economic growth, and the human development index (HDI) considering urbanization, foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade for the period from 1990 to 2014. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM) approaches are used to analyze the data. The empirical results reveal that ICT promote human development index. Along with, economic growth has a positive and significant impact on human development. Besides, urbanization, trade, and FDI discourage human development in Pakistan. Finally, bidirectional causality is detected between the aforementioned variables. Recommendations to policymakers regarding the productive role of FDI and trade are provided.
KW - ARDL
KW - Human development index
KW - ICT
KW - Pakistan
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065716402&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-019-05271-2
DO - 10.1007/s11356-019-05271-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 31073836
AN - SCOPUS:85065716402
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 26
SP - 19294
EP - 19304
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 19
ER -
