Influences of grain/particle interfacial energies on second-phase particle pinning grain coarsening of polycrystalline

A novel cellular automata model was developed to simulate the grain coarsening kinetics at various conditions. The grain coarsening processes for different grain/particle interfacial energies were simulated with the present model. The pinning effects of the particles were divided into two types: Zener pinning effects and non-Zener pinning effects. The simulation results for these two types of pinning effects were verified with Zener's original pinning theory and experimental results, respectively. The influences of grain/particle interfacial energy on the grain coarsening kinetics were studied. To reveal the reasons for these influences, the interaction mechanisms between the grain boundary and the particles were analyzed in details.