TY - JOUR
T1 - Hollow nano- and microstructures
T2 - Mechanism, composition, applications, and factors affecting morphology and performance
AU - Hussain, Iftikhar
AU - Sahoo, Sumanta
AU - Sayed, Mostafa Saad
AU - Ahmad, Muhammad
AU - Sufyan Javed, Muhammad
AU - Lamiel, Charmaine
AU - Li, Yuxiang
AU - Shim, Jae Jin
AU - Ma, Xiaoxia
AU - Zhang, Kaili
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/5/1
Y1 - 2022/5/1
N2 - Hollow nano- and microstructures with controlled shape, size, pore volume, shell thickness, and composition have been considered as an emerging class of materials for versatile applications. These structures provide interior voids with porous shells, which endow them with heterogeneous interfaces and high specific area beneficial for various applications. Herein, we summarized the plausible formation mechanisms (i.e., template-mediated approach, Kirkendall effect, Ostwald ripening, thermal decomposition, galvanic replacement, and ion-exchange) and possible compositions (i.e., organic, inorganic, and hybrid) in the fabrication of hollow nano- and microstructures. Furthermore, hollow nano- and microstructure-based oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, selenides, phosphides, carbon, and their hybrids as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) and some other applications have been recapitulated. Moreover, the factors affecting their morphological shapes (i.e., time, concentration, and temperature) and performances (i.e., number of shells, size and thickness of shells, and morphology) have also been discussed. Finally, the current review article ends with future research direction and prospective allowing the further growth of these structures in the research field and future applications. We believe this review article will open a new avenue and shed some lights on the development of future advanced electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices as well as other applications.
AB - Hollow nano- and microstructures with controlled shape, size, pore volume, shell thickness, and composition have been considered as an emerging class of materials for versatile applications. These structures provide interior voids with porous shells, which endow them with heterogeneous interfaces and high specific area beneficial for various applications. Herein, we summarized the plausible formation mechanisms (i.e., template-mediated approach, Kirkendall effect, Ostwald ripening, thermal decomposition, galvanic replacement, and ion-exchange) and possible compositions (i.e., organic, inorganic, and hybrid) in the fabrication of hollow nano- and microstructures. Furthermore, hollow nano- and microstructure-based oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, selenides, phosphides, carbon, and their hybrids as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) and some other applications have been recapitulated. Moreover, the factors affecting their morphological shapes (i.e., time, concentration, and temperature) and performances (i.e., number of shells, size and thickness of shells, and morphology) have also been discussed. Finally, the current review article ends with future research direction and prospective allowing the further growth of these structures in the research field and future applications. We believe this review article will open a new avenue and shed some lights on the development of future advanced electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices as well as other applications.
KW - Compositions
KW - Energy storage devices
KW - Factors influence the morphology
KW - Factors influence the performance
KW - Hollow nano- and microstructures
KW - Mechanisms
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124075768&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214429
DO - 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214429
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85124075768
SN - 0010-8545
VL - 458
JO - Coordination Chemistry Reviews
JF - Coordination Chemistry Reviews
M1 - 214429
ER -