GB-InSAR-based DEM generation method and precision analysis

Ground-based interferometric technology plays an important role in the terrain mapping sphere because it is characterized by short observation intervals, a flexible operation environment, and high data precision. Ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GB-InSAR) has a wide beam, a scene breadth comparative to the slant range, and a large downwards-looking angle. The observation scenes always show the type of slope terrain with various gradients and slope orientations. These particularities cause the invalidation of the typical terrain generation method and produce poor precision analysis results using typical values. This paper first proposes a three-dimensional-coordinate generation method based on the geolocation concept. Then, the models and analyses of the error sources and their propagations are reported. The method of calculating the correlation coefficient is meticulously discussed, and a system error distribution diagram is presented that considers the spatial distribution information of the viewing scene. The result can be adapted to different viewing scenes and encompasses the performance of the whole area, and it will help with baseline optimization. The digital elevation map (DEM) generated by GB-InSAR is compared with one produced by light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The error magnitude and the similarity of the distribution between theory and reality prove the correctness and effectiveness of the presented DEM generation method, the correlation coefficient estimation formula, and the system precision analysis method.