Facile preparation of rGO/MFe₂O₄ (M = Cu, Co, Ni) nanohybrids and its catalytic performance during the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Reduced graphene oxide/metal ferrite (rGO/MFe₂O₄, M = Cu, Co, Ni) nanohybrids are successfully prepared through a simple, one-step hydrothermal method. The rGO/MFe₂O₄ nanohybrids are characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, Raman and BET surface area measurements. The rGO/MFe₂O₄ nanohybrids demonstrate amazing catalytic activities on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). DSC results indicate that rGO/MFe₂O₄ nanohybrids (3 wt%), could decrease the decomposition temperature of pure AP from 424.7 °C to 329.1 °C, 338.3 °C, and 364.8 °C, respectively. This enhanced catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of NPs and rGO. The activation energy (E_a) of AP mixed with nanohybrids is investigated by two isoconversion methods, Flynne-Walle-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), on a conversion degree (α) range from 0.05 to 0.95. The values of E_a calculated from the above two methods matched with each other. A strong dependence of E_a on α is observed, indicating a complex decomposition process.