Extending eyebox with tunable viewpoints for see-through near-eye display

The Maxwellian display presents always-focused images to the viewer, alleviating the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) in near-eye displays (NEDs). However, the limited eyebox of the typical Maxwellian display prevents it from wider applications. We propose a Maxwellian see-through NED based on a multiplexed holographic optical element (HOE) and polarization gratings (PGs) to extend the eyebox by viewpoint multiplication. The multiplexed HOE functions as multiple convex lenses to form multiple viewpoints, which are copied to different locations by PGs. To mitigate the imaging problem that multiple viewpoints or no viewpoints enter the eye pupil, the viewpoints can be tuned by mechanically moving a PG. We implement our method in a proof-of-concept system. The optical experiments confirm that the proposed display system provides always in-focus images within a 12 mm eyebox in the horizontal direction with a 32.7° diagonal field of view (FOV) and a 16.5 mm eye relief (ERF), and its viewpoints are tunable to match the actual eye pupil size. Compared with other techniques to extend the eyebox of Maxwellian displays, the proposed method shows competitive performances of a large eyebox, adaptability to the eye pupil size, and focus cues within a large depth range.