Abstract
Sn1-xFexO2 (x=0, 1, 2, and 3 mol%) nanoparticles with rutile structure were chemically synthesized by a simple and reproducible uniform precipitation-hydrothermal method. Fe doping hardly changed the morphology of SnO2 nanoparticles, whereas the crystallite size decreased with the increase of Fe content. The results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the incorporation of Fe ions into the SnO2 resulted in lattice shrinkage and significant structural dislocation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in SnO2 nanoparticles, as well as the relative content of oxygen vacancies (VO) and tin interstitials (Sni) in the doping system. The optical band gap was found to decrease from 3.67 to 3.43 eV with an increase in Fe doping. Photoluminescence spectra (PL) further confirmed the existence of oxygen vacancies by studying defect levels in the forbidden zone. Magnetization measurements showed that Fe-doped samples exhibit the coexistence of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic behavior at room temperature. The ferromagnetic contribution may be attributed to the long-range ferromagnetic order produced by the interaction of a large number of bound magnetic polarons. Importantly, the saturation magnetization varied with the relative content of oxygen vacancies in the materials, and the saturation magnetization of 3% Fe-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with the highest VO/Sni value was up to 5.13×10−3 emu/g.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1287-1296 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism |
Volume | 34 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Apr 2021 |
Keywords
- Fe doping
- Magnetic properties
- Optical properties
- Oxygen vacancy
- SnO nanoparticles
- Structural disorder