TY - JOUR
T1 - Drag control in wall-bounded turbulent flows via spanwise opposed wall-jet forcing
AU - Yao, Jie
AU - Chen, Xi
AU - Hussain, Fazle
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2018/10/10
Y1 - 2018/10/10
N2 - Drag control using a newly developed spanwise opposed wall-jet forcing (SOJF) method is studied via direct numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a turbulent channel flow (at the friction Reynolds numbers and 550). SOJF is characterized by three control parameters: the forcing amplitude , the spanwise spacing and the wall-jet height ( indicates viscous scaling). At , notable drag reduction is achieved for wide ranges of , and , with an optimal drag reduction of approximately 19 % found for , and . The drag reduction results from mergers of numerous low-speed typical individual streaks together by the wall jets, so that the slope of the merged streak envelope and hence the streak strength are reduced below the critical values required for streak instability as well as for transient growth; consequently, the generation of drag inducing near-wall streamwise vortices is suppressed. Through analysis using the FIK identity (Fukagata et al. Phys. Fluids, vol. 14 (11), 2002, pp. L73-L76) in combination with the triple decomposition and the spanwise wavenumber spectrum of the Reynolds shear stress, we find that the control significantly decreases skin friction due to the small scale random turbulent structures (from 75 to 23 % for the optimal case), but injects a dominant contribution at the forcing scale (approximately 34 %). As or increases, the drag reduction degrades due to the downwash near the initiation of the forcing wall jet. The energy input required for the excitation is found to be small, yielding a 17 % net power saving for the optimal control case. To determine the dependence of the drag reduction, the control strategy is further validated at a higher . If the control parameters are kept the same as at (i.e. , , ), the drag reduction decreases to 10 %; however, interestingly, with modestly changed parameters ( , , ), drag reduction increases to about 15 %. This additional drag reduction results from the further suppression of turbulent structures in the buffer and log regions. This result, therefore, suggests prospects for drag reduction at even higher via a proper choice of the SOJF parameters.
AB - Drag control using a newly developed spanwise opposed wall-jet forcing (SOJF) method is studied via direct numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a turbulent channel flow (at the friction Reynolds numbers and 550). SOJF is characterized by three control parameters: the forcing amplitude , the spanwise spacing and the wall-jet height ( indicates viscous scaling). At , notable drag reduction is achieved for wide ranges of , and , with an optimal drag reduction of approximately 19 % found for , and . The drag reduction results from mergers of numerous low-speed typical individual streaks together by the wall jets, so that the slope of the merged streak envelope and hence the streak strength are reduced below the critical values required for streak instability as well as for transient growth; consequently, the generation of drag inducing near-wall streamwise vortices is suppressed. Through analysis using the FIK identity (Fukagata et al. Phys. Fluids, vol. 14 (11), 2002, pp. L73-L76) in combination with the triple decomposition and the spanwise wavenumber spectrum of the Reynolds shear stress, we find that the control significantly decreases skin friction due to the small scale random turbulent structures (from 75 to 23 % for the optimal case), but injects a dominant contribution at the forcing scale (approximately 34 %). As or increases, the drag reduction degrades due to the downwash near the initiation of the forcing wall jet. The energy input required for the excitation is found to be small, yielding a 17 % net power saving for the optimal control case. To determine the dependence of the drag reduction, the control strategy is further validated at a higher . If the control parameters are kept the same as at (i.e. , , ), the drag reduction decreases to 10 %; however, interestingly, with modestly changed parameters ( , , ), drag reduction increases to about 15 %. This additional drag reduction results from the further suppression of turbulent structures in the buffer and log regions. This result, therefore, suggests prospects for drag reduction at even higher via a proper choice of the SOJF parameters.
KW - drag reduction
KW - flow control
KW - turbulent boundary layers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85051707316&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/jfm.2018.553
DO - 10.1017/jfm.2018.553
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85051707316
SN - 0022-1120
VL - 852
SP - 678
EP - 709
JO - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
ER -