Development of drop/wall interaction model for application in engine conditions

The impact process of fuel drops on a solid dry surface under engine relevant conditions were investigated using a numerical method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The post-impingement properties (mass, velocity, and location) of the splashed secondary drops were analyzed. A drop/wall interaction model was developed based on the SPH simulations. Numerical results showed that the mass of the secondary drop increased as the kinetic energy of the incident drop and surface temperature increase. For contact-splash, the radial location of the secondary drop increased linearly as the kinetic energy of the incident drop increased, while no clear trend was observed for film-splash. Also, the height of the secondary drop was randomly distributed for both contact-splash and film-splash. The velocities of secondary drops increased first and then decreased as the kinetic energy of the incident drop increased. The evaluation of the effects of impact angle on the impact outcomes revealed that the impact angle affected the distribution of the secondary drops. The proposed drop/wall interaction model derived from the present SPH study could be readily implemented for engine spray/wall impingement simulation.