Debris cloud structure and hazardous fragments distribution under hypervelocity yaw impact

This study investigates how the debris cloud structure and hazardous fragment distribution vary with attack angle by simulating a circular cylinder projectile hypervelocity impinging on a thin plate using the finite element–smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) adaptive method. Based on the comparison and analysis of the experimental and simulation results, the FE-SPH adaptive method was applied to address the hypervelocity yaw impact problem, and the variation law of the debris cloud structure with the attack angle was obtained. The screening criterion of the hazardous fragment at yaw impact is given by analyzing the debris formation obtained by the FE-SPH adaptive method, and the distribution characteristics of hazardous fragments and their relationship with the attack angle are given. Moreover, the velocity space was used to evaluate the distribution range and damage capability of asymmetric hazardous fragments. The maximum velocity angle was extended from fully symmetrical working conditions to asymmetrical cases to describe the asymmetrical debris cloud distribution range. In this range, the energy density was calculated to quantitatively analyze how much damage hazardous fragments inflict on the rear plate. The results showed that the number of hazardous fragments generated by the case near the 35° attack angle was the largest, the distribution range was the smallest, and the energy density was the largest. These results suggest that in this case, debris cloud generated by the impact had the strongest damage to the rear plate.