Covert Communication Assisted by UAV-IRS

With the benefits of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), they can be combined to further enhance the communication performance. However, the high-quality air-ground channel is more vulnerable to the adversarial eavesdropping. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a covert communication scheme assisted by the UAV-IRS to maximize the covert transmission rate. Specifically, the ground transmitter, Alice, secretly delivers the private message to a legitimate receiver, Bob, via the UAV-IRS, wishing that the transmission will not be observable by the warden, Willie. In addition, Willie is adversarial to Alice and the UAV-IRS, which makes his accurate location difficult to obtain. Given this fact, we first determine an optimal detection threshold and derive the error detection probability at Willie, which is the worst-case situation for the legitimate transmission. Then, we maximize the covert transmission rate by alternatively optimizing the transmit power of Alice, the IRS phase shift and the horizontal location of UAV-IRS subject to the covert requirements. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed covert communication scheme assisted by UAV-IRS.