Ablation simulation of integral woven gradient three-dimensional thermal protection structures for planetary exploration

For the harsh entry environment and higher thermal protection requirements, two structures of three-dimensional woven gradient thermal protection materials were designed and prepared with the deep space exploration thermal protection system as the object. They are 3D orthogonal woven, 2.5D layer-to-layer angle interlock woven, 2.5D layer-layer angle interlock woven structure(OLL) composite and 3D orthogonal woven, angle 2.5D layer-to-layer angle interlock woven, honeycomb structure(OLH) composite. Two materials were prepared and examined by ablation in an oxygen-acetylene flame. A three-dimensional macroscopic ablation model was established on the basis of the experiment, and the model was verified to be accurate and effective, which can well respond to the pyrolytic ablation process of the materials. The two designed materials are applied to the outsole of MSL by simulation, and the three-dimensional response during the entry into Mars is simulated and analyzed in comparison with the thermal protection performance of PICA material. Both materials show better thermal protection than PICA and can be used as a reference in the selection of thermal protection materials. Highlights: Two kinds of 3D gradient woven thermal protection materials are designed. A 3D thermal protection system response model is established. The three-dimensional response during entry was analyzed. Thermal protection of the material is superior to that of PICA.