A Novel Framework in Quantifying Oscillatory Coupling to Gait Disturbance in Parkinson's Disease

Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) based on the uniform phase empirical mode decomposition (UPEMD) is proposed to improve the accuracy of PAC assessment. The framework is applied to investigate the mechanism and improvement measure of gait disturbance for Parkinson's disease (PD). Hbeta modulation is suppressed at the time of contralateral heel strikes and rebounds when the contralateral foot rests on the ground and the ipsilateral foot is raised. Prominent PACs exist between delta and Lbeta/Hbeta activities. Auditory cue improves the gait; meanwhile, it enhances the Hbeta modulation, and suppresses the delta-Lbeta/Hbeta PACs, which may rebound toward the before-cue stage afterward. Our findings suggest the proposed UPEMD-PAC is a useful framework in quantifying PAC with pre-determined frequencies, whereas the delta-Lbeta/Hbeta PACs in the subthalamic nucleus serve as potential biomarkers for gait disturbance in PD. Clinical Relevance- This manifests the efficacy of auditory cues on gait disturbance. The proposed framework may be useful in diagnosing the severity of motor impairment.