A comprehensive life cycle assessment on dual-source pure electric bus

The configuration and energy supply of dual-source pure electric buses (DSEB) are different from conventional pure electric buses, which cause changes in the life cycle costs, life cycle energy consumption, and emissions. The life cycle assessment of DSEB is studied to obtain a general analysis method and guidance suitable for improving the comprehensive benefits. The main factors affecting life cycle benefits are summarized, and their impact on life cycle cost and DSEB energy consumption are mainly discussed. Based on the philosophy of minimum life cycle cost, the saving potential of life cycle benefits are quantitatively analyzed, and the optimal technology combination is proposed. The trend of life cycle energy consumption and GHG emission are analyzed and demonstrated, which is explained that the optimized technology development route of DSEB is also the best in life cycle energy consumption and environmental benefits.