爆炸成型弹丸药型罩用高密度合金选取准则

To solve the problem of fragmentation failure of high-density alloys in explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), explosive loading tests are conducted on flyer plates of tungsten-nickel alloy with different tungsten contents. Based on the analysis of forming performance and failure mechanism of the tested materials, as well as common characteristics of traditional liner materials, the selection criteria for high-density alloy material for EFP liner are proposed. The criteria are verified by explosive loading forming and penetration tests. According to the results, the reason why tungsten-nickel alloy can hardly form a complete projectile is that, in the matrix, tungsten particles in the second phase can lead to dislocation accumulation at the phase boundary under large deformation state. This will cause inevitable stress concentration and result in material fracture through nucleation and microcrack growth. Thus, high-density alloy selected for manufacturing EFP liners should possess a single-phase structure of complete solid solution. And the solvent metal must have a ductile-brittle transition temperature lower than the temperature of the service environment if it has a non-face-centered cubic structure. Both the flyer plate and the liner made of the single-phase solid solution alloy selected in accordance with the above criterion can form complete penetrators. The experimental results are consistent with the expected results. Our research results can be used as the reference for the design, selection, and application of high-density alloys for EFP liners.