涉重危废三维属性及其精细化分级分类体系

Hazardous wastes containing heavy metals is a unique major category in hazardous waste, which have both serious harm to the environment and huge recovery value of metals resources. The resource-environment interaction of hazardous waste containing heavy metals has been receiving great attentions around the world. However, both the resource and environment properties of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals have close relationship with their complexity in structure and components. The extraction and recovery of precious, rare and high-price metals is strongly hindered by the complicated structure and components which have a significant influence on the migration behavior and environmental pollution of toxic heavy metals. In this work, the concept of three-dimensional properties of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals (i.e. resource, environment and structure properties) was put forward for the first time, and the mathematical formula to characterize the three-dimensional properties was given. Further, the refined classification and grading system of the hazardous wastes containing heavy metals was set up based on the three-dimensional properties, and the index system of the three-dimensional properties to identify the border between the harmless disposal and resources utilization was established. This work is of importance for the precise management of the hazardous wastes containing heavy metals and their correct disposal and reasonable resource utilization.