含碘敷料的研究进展与应用现状

Iodine is a highly effective antibacterial agent with high broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and low drug resistance. It is widely used in dressings to stop bleeding, promote healing, protect wound surface and prevent infection. However, the multiple antibacterial mechanisms of iodine, while guaranteeing antibacterial properties, also lead to high cytotoxicity. Improving the stability of iodine through complexation and achieving slow release of iodine is a common method to reduce its cytotoxicity. With the widely development of wet healing theory, using of new dressings that can provide a micro-moist environment has gradually replaced using of traditional dressings and become the main development direction of iodine-containing dressings. Hence, it has become a research hotspot in recent years to load complexed iodine into new carriers with different functions to prepare low-toxicity and high-efficiency iodine-containing dressings. Currently, the iodine complexing agents are widely used in clinic include povidone, katim, chitosan and its derivatives, but most of them have problems of poor complexing effect and low effective iodine content. It is an important research direction to achieve efficient complexation of iodine by improving the complexing method for iodine-containing dressings at present. The ways to improve the effect of iodine complexes include modifying the traditional iodine complex agent, introducing copolymer to improve the effect of iodine complex, and looking for new complexing agents with excellent properties and unique advantages. For example, iodine recapture can be achieved by copolymerization of povidone with vinyl acetate. Modified lecithin-iodine is usually used for oral administration, the application of which to the dressing can improve the dispersion and uniformity of iodine. On the other hand, most complexed iodine is easily soluble in water, which enables it to be dispersed in a variety of dressings and shows great potential for development. New iodine-containing dressings (such as iodine-containing foam dressings, iodine-containing hydrogel dressings, iodine-containing films, iodine-containing microspheres, and nano-fiber iodine-containing dressings) have a broader application prospect. By integrating the advantages of iodine with carriers of specific functions, the application scenarios of iodine-containing dressings can be diversified and their application fields can be broadened. In this paper,we introduce the types, structures and characteristics of iodine complexes commonly used in dressings in detail, analyze the advantages and limitations of different complexes, review the types, research progress and clinical applications of iodine-containing dressings, and propose the future research focus.