Peptide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Applications in Disease Detection

Biosensors based on small molecule peptides have developed rapidly in the detection of disease markers with the characteristics of high sensitivity, rapid analysis speed and easy miniaturization. The properties of the sensor, such as the sensitivity and detection range, are closely related to the material and structure of the electrodes. The electrodes mainly used in peptide-based biosensors are gold electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass electrodes and screen-printed electrodes. In addition, to improve the biomolecule loading rate, antifouling performance, electrical conductivity of the biosensor, a variety of nanomaterials and organic molecules are used to construct the biosensor for disease detection. This review summarizes the properties of several commonly used electrodes for peptide-based electrochemical biosensors, and introduces some modified materials of the electrode and their effects on sensor performance. In the future, the peptide-based biosensors will be widely used in clinical detection and other related fields.