TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitrate Additives Coordinated with Crown Ether Stabilize Lithium Metal Anodes in Carbonate Electrolyte
AU - Gu, Sichen
AU - Zhang, Si Wei
AU - Han, Junwei
AU - Deng, Yaqian
AU - Luo, Chong
AU - Zhou, Guangmin
AU - He, Yanbing
AU - Wei, Guodan
AU - Kang, Feiyu
AU - Lv, Wei
AU - Yang, Quan Hong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2021/7/9
Y1 - 2021/7/9
N2 - Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are promising for next-generation batteries but have poor compatibility with the widely used carbonate-based electrolytes, which is a major reason for their severe dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). A nitrate additive to the electrolyte is an effective solution, but its low solubility in carbonates is a problem that can be solved using a crown ether, as reported. A rubidium nitrate additive coordinated with 18-crown-6 crown ether stabilizes the LMA in a carbonate electrolyte. The coordination promotes the dissolution of NO3− ions and helps form a dense solid electrolyte interface that is Li3N-rich which guides uniform Li deposition. In addition, the Rb (18-crown-6)+ complexes are adsorbed on the dendrite tips, shielding them from Li deposition on the dendrite tips. A high CE of 97.1% is achieved with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 in a half cell, much higher than when using the additive-free electrolyte (92.2%). Such an additive is very compatible with a nickel-rich ternary cathode at a high voltage, and the assembled full battery with a cathode material loading up to 10 mg cm−2 shows an average CE of 99.8% over 200 cycles, indicating a potential for practical use.
AB - Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are promising for next-generation batteries but have poor compatibility with the widely used carbonate-based electrolytes, which is a major reason for their severe dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). A nitrate additive to the electrolyte is an effective solution, but its low solubility in carbonates is a problem that can be solved using a crown ether, as reported. A rubidium nitrate additive coordinated with 18-crown-6 crown ether stabilizes the LMA in a carbonate electrolyte. The coordination promotes the dissolution of NO3− ions and helps form a dense solid electrolyte interface that is Li3N-rich which guides uniform Li deposition. In addition, the Rb (18-crown-6)+ complexes are adsorbed on the dendrite tips, shielding them from Li deposition on the dendrite tips. A high CE of 97.1% is achieved with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 in a half cell, much higher than when using the additive-free electrolyte (92.2%). Such an additive is very compatible with a nickel-rich ternary cathode at a high voltage, and the assembled full battery with a cathode material loading up to 10 mg cm−2 shows an average CE of 99.8% over 200 cycles, indicating a potential for practical use.
KW - carbonate electrolytes
KW - crown ether
KW - high voltage cathodes
KW - lithium metal batteries
KW - nitrate additives
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109381207&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adfm.202102128
DO - 10.1002/adfm.202102128
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109381207
SN - 1616-301X
VL - 31
JO - Advanced Functional Materials
JF - Advanced Functional Materials
IS - 28
M1 - 2102128
ER -