Interlayer magnetic interactions and ferroelectricity in π / 3 -twisted CrX₂ (X = Se, Te) bilayers

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) bilayer magnetic systems have been widely studied. Their interlayer magnetic interactions play a vital role in the magnetic properties. In this paper, we theoretically studied the interlayer magnetic interactions, magnetic states, and ferroelectricity of π / 3 -twisted CrX₂ (X = Se, Te) bilayers ( π / 3 -CrX₂). Our study reveals that the lateral shift could switch the magnetic state of the π / 3 -CrSe₂ between interlayer ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, while just tuning the strength of the interlayer antiferromagnetic interactions in π / 3 -CrTe₂. Furthermore, the lateral shift can alter the off-plane electric polarization in both π / 3 -CrSe₂ and π / 3 -CrTe₂. These results show that stacking is an effective way to tune both the magnetic and ferroelectric properties of 1T-CrX₂ bilayers, making the 1T-CrX₂ bilayers hold promise for 2D spintronic devices.