Fractional order battery modelling methodologies for electric vehicle applications: Recent advances and perspectives

Accurate modelling of lithium ion batteries is crucial for battery management in electric vehicles. Recent studies have revealed the fractional order nature of lithium ion batteries, leading to fractional order modelling techniques. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the fractional order battery models and their applications in battery management of electric vehicles is provided from the perspectives of frequency and time domains. In the frequency domain, the fractional order models to fit electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data are investigated, followed by their applications in health diagnosis, battery heating and charging strategies In the time domain, the fractional order models adopted for voltage simulation are discussed, followed by their applications in battery state estimation and fault diagnosis. Finally, from the perspectives of time domain and frequency domain applications, critical challenges and research trends for future work in terms of fractional order modelling are highlighted to advance the development of next-generation battery management.