@inproceedings{a081efc9ef2c432cb62ac06a8f89608a,
title = "Experimental and numerical study on underwater implosion of photo-multiplier tubes",
abstract = "Photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) have become an important device for deep sea detection. But with the effect of deep water pressure, it is possible to trigger underwater implosions, as well as to motivate other photo-multiplier tubes nearby and finally cause cascade failure. This paper illustrates results from a combination of experimental and numerical study on underwater implosion in order to understand the dynamic procedure of photo-multiplier tubes' failure and the reasons why single photo-multiplier tube collapse impacts the neighboring tubes' failure. In this study, loading pressure to a huge bucket is used to simulate the environment of deep water, and an auto device is designed to ignite the photo-multiplier tubes cascade failure, a series of experiments of underwater implosion in 40 meter depth of single photomultiplier tube is implemented, the pressure caused by shock wave is measured, as well as the dynamic collapse of photo-multiplier tubes is captured by high-speed photography. The reliability of the experiment is verified through numerical simulation via dynamic software AUTODYN. The results will serve as a helpful database for research in photo-multiplier tubes protection and avoiding cascade failure.",
keywords = "Cascade implosion, Dynamic collapse, Photo-multiplier tube, Underwater implosion",
author = "Ying Li and Weiguo Wu and Haiqing Zhuv and Zhipeng Du and Xiangshao Xong",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright 2016 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).; 26th Annual International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE 2016 ; Conference date: 26-06-2016 Through 01-07-2016",
year = "2016",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference",
publisher = "International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers",
pages = "521--525",
editor = "Wang, {Alan M.} and Chung, {Jin S.} and Ted Kokkinis and Michael Muskulus",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE 2016",
address = "United States",
}