纳米纤维素材料在功能膜材料中的应用研究进展

Functional film is a kind of product with photoelectricity, magnetism, absorption, separation and the ability to response to stimulus functional properties, which shows large demand and application prospects. However, resources of functional film are mostly non-renewable fossil-based, which limits its development. Nanocellulose material (including derivatives of nanocellulose that are chemically modified) is one of the most promising materials to study regarding the development of nanotechnology, which plays an important role in improving the performance of functional film and promoting its sustainable development. Nanocellulose material is currently widely used in functional films in the food industry, water treatment industry, new energy fields, batteries and other fields. The role and advantages of nanocellulose material in these functional films are mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, high degree of crystallization, large specific surface area and excellent mechanical properties make nanocellulose material a good candidate as a reinforcement phase to combine with matrix in forming functional films for strength enhancement. According to different demand, nanocellulose mate-rials with different sizes, morphologies or surface modification groups can be used to improve the interfacial bonding strength with the matrix, thus making the functional film to achieve ideal mechanical properties. Secondly, due to its good film-forming properties, nanocellulose material can also be used as matrix materials for functional films. In addition to film formation alone, nanocellulose materials can also be combined with other materials to form films, especially with other biomass materials to make biofilm materials with smooth surfaces and good barrier properties, which has a great impact on the expansion of packaging film applications. Next, the high water absorption, swelling and adsorption properties of nanocellulose material are helpful to improve the performance of functional films such as ultrafiltration film. Furthermore, based on the advantages of stable structure, various possibilities of surface modification and excellent biocompatibility, nanocellulose material can be utilized as good carrier mate-rials and supporting reinforcement materials combined with specific functional materials (such as photoelectric, magnetic, responsive, etc. pro-perties) to prepare functional film materials with application value, making nanocellulose material plays an increasingly important role in conductive films, battery separators and other functional films. Compared with traditional functional film materials, the introduction of nanocellulose materials will bring new vigor and vitality to functional film research area in the aspects of enhancing mechanical performance, reducing cost, better biocompatibility and environmental protection. Therefore, based on a large amount of research references, in this paper we summarized the research application progress of nanocellulose material in packaging film, ultrafiltration film, conductive film, battery separator and other functional film, analyzed the working mechanism of nanocellulose material and its application advantages in different functional film. Furthermore, prospects for potential application of nanocellulose material in functional film materials were presented.