Wide Nonlinear Chirp Scaling Algorithm for Spaceborne Stripmap Range Sweep SAR Imaging

The spaceborne stripmap range sweep synthetic aperture radar (SS-RSSAR) is a new concept spaceborne SAR system that images the region of interest (ROI) with ROI-orientated strips, which, unlike the traditional spaceborne SAR, are allowed to be not parallel with the satellite orbit. The SS-RSSAR imaging is a challenging problem because echoes of a wide region have strong spatial varieties, especially in high-squint geometries, and are hard to be focused by a single swath. The traditional imaging algorithms could solve this problem by cost-ineffectively dividing an ROI into many subswaths for separate processing. In this paper, a new wide nonlinear chirp scaling (W-NLCS) algorithm is proposed to efficiently image the SS-RSSAR data in a single swath. Comparing with the traditional nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm, the W-NLCS algorithm is superior in three major aspects: The nonlinear bulk range migration compensation (RMC), the interpolation-based residual RMC, and the modified azimuth frequency perturbation. Specifically, the interpolation for the residual RMC, the most significant step in achieving the wide-swath imaging performance, is made innovatively in the time domain. The derivation of the W-NLCS algorithm, as well as the performance analyses of the W-NLCS algorithm in aspects of the azimuth resolution, accuracy, and complexity, are all provided. The presented approach is evaluated by the point target simulations.