Wavelet Analysis of Cerebral Oxygenation Signal Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Moyamoya Disease

Background: Spontaneous low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) have been widely studied in cerebrovascular disease, but little is known about their role in moyamoya disease (MMD). The objective of this study was to assess the value of spontaneous LFOs in MMD based on wavelet analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Methods: Sixty-four consecutive idiopathic adult patients were prospectively enrolled. The regional tissue oxygenation index (TOI) obtained from continuous near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Five frequency intervals of spontaneous LFOs (I, 0.0095–0.02 Hz; II, 0.02–0.06 Hz; III, 0.06–0.15 Hz; IV, 0.15–0.40 Hz; and V, 0.40–2.00 Hz) were extracted based on wavelet analysis. The data were compared between the patients and healthy control groups. Clinical features, cognitive function, and disease progression of MMD were analyzed using TOI and frequency interval data. Results: Compared with the healthy control group, patients with MMD had a higher cerebral TOI in both hemispheres. Based on wavelet analysis, the spontaneous LFO of TOI was found to be significantly lower for patients with MMD in frequency intervals II to IV than that for the controls. The spontaneous LFO of TOI is also related to the Suzuki stages in intervals II to IV, stroke in interval III, and cognitive impairment in intervals III to Ⅳ. Conclusions: There were significant differences in spontaneous LFO between patients with MMD and healthy controls. The change in spontaneous LFO in MMD is related to Suzuki stage, cerebral infarction, and cognitive impairment. This might be an effective method for evaluating the severity and monitoring the progression of MMD.