Thermokinetics and reactive mechanism of lead azide (LA) in atmosphere/temperature mixed environment

To establish the influence of atmospheric and temperature factors on the stability of LA, a combined environmental stress testing device was designed to simulate reaction characteristics. Morphological characterization methods of SEM and FTIR were carried out to explore the changes of crystal structure, as the pyrolysis behavior of LA under the combined environmental stress was investigated by DSC with two isoconversional kinetic methods and thermal safety software (TSS). The research indicates that CO₂ and H₂O react with LA to generate basic lead carbonate in the air atmosphere, together with the stimulation of thermal stress, the synergistic effect formed microvoids to erode the crystal structure of LA. The microvoid effect reduced the apparent activation energy (E_a) from 156.47 to 29.52 kJ/mol as the order of degradation of thermal stability of LA was Air > N₂ > CO₂, which demonstrated that CO₂ and N₂ atmosphere have a particular protective effect for LA storage, transportation, and application. The pyrolysis reaction mechanism model of LA under the combined environment factors testing was the same as the original LA through the calculation of TSS, thereby the findings could contribute to a better understanding of available boundary conditions for LA.