Theory of equilibrium margin of systems and its applications

Applications of the concept of margin in science, engineering design, system operation and in daily life are discussed. Key meanings of the concept of margin are analyzed in detail. New concepts and definitions of equilibrium-domain and equilibrium margin of systems are put forward. A method of dividing the equilibrium-domain into four sub-areas, and the general way of thinking of calculating the values of equilibrium margin for complex systems is provided. A new method of risk assessment for systems-the method of safety margin analysis is established. As an example, the potential thermal explosion risks of high explosives in storage are calculated. The safety for different explosives under different conditions of storage is appraised quantitatively by means of the method.