Temperature characteristics of lithium iron phosphatepower batteries under overcharge

High-capacity LiFePO₄ batteries are widely used in public transportation in China. However, overcharge causes serious safety issues, and the nature of the process requires further research. This study investigates an overcharge-induced thermal runaway of 20 and 24 Ah LiFePO₄ batteries under different initial states of charge (SOC) and charging rates. Chemical reactions inside the battery are influenced by the capacity of the battery, that is, a higher capacity induces faster heating and a higher maximal surface temperature than the lower capacity under the same conditions. The temperature curve of low initial SOC battery at low chargingratedoes not change notably. Under other conditions, the thermal runaway exhibits two stages, an initial slow temperature increase (stage I) followed by a rapid temperature increase (stage II). The initial SOC and charging rate are relevant only for the rate of temperature increase in stage I, with little effect in stage II. The study on the temperature characteristics of overcharge-induced thermal runaway can promotethe safety research of LiFePO₄ power batteries.