Tailoring carbon-based nanofiber microstructures for electromagnetic absorption, shielding, and devices

Carbon-based nanofibers have been a hot spot in various fields due to their distinctive nanostructures, functions, and performances. Especially in the field of electromagnetic (EM) functional materials and devices, carbon-based nanofibers have been sought after. In this review, we systematically elaborate the preparation methods and relevant synthesis mechanisms of carbon-based fiber materials, discuss the influence mechanism of nanofiber microstructure on the EM response, and dissect the tailoring strategies of nanofibers with different configurations to manipulate the EM attenuation performance. More importantly, multi-function EM devices constructed using carbon-based nanofibers are highlighted. Finally, the current opportunities of carbon-based nanofibers for EM materials and devices are analyzed, and the future challenges are predicted.