Synthesis and thermal decomposition kinetics of TNAE

TNAE was synthesized via condensation, nitration and hydrolysis using urea and glyoxal as primary materials. The thermal behavior of TNAE was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the peak temperatures at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20, 25K/min) was determined. The apparent activation energy (E_k and E₀) and pre-exponential constant of the exothermic decomposition reaction were calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The activation entropy (δH^≠), activation enthalpy (δS^≠) and activation Gibbs free energy (δG^≠) for the exothermic decomposition reaction of TNAE were calculated according to thermodynamic equations. The results indicate that TNAE is unstable to heat. The values of δH^≠, δS^≠ and δG^≠ are 147.93 (kJ/mol), 54.52 J/(K·mol) and 125.86 kJ/mol, respectively.