Synergistic Bimetallic Exsolution in Sr_0.95Ti_0.8Ni_0.1Ru_0.1O_3−δ Catalytic Layer for High-Performance DRM-SOFC

Adding a dry reforming of methane (DRM) catalytic layer to the anode surface of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is an effective strategy for protecting the anode by pre-converting CH₄ and CO₂ into syngas. However, insufficient catalytic activity and poor coking resistance of the catalyst layer are key factors limiting the high power output and stable operation of DRM-SOFCs. Herein, a Sr_0.95Ti_0.8Ni_0.1Ru_0.1O_3−δ (STNR) catalytic layer with confined exsolution of Ni nanoparticles and Ru clusters is presented, exhibiting superior catalytic activity and coking resistance. Ni nanoparticles facilitate CH₄ cracking, while the highly dispersed Ru clusters promote CO₂ adsorption and activation. In situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations reveal that Ru clusters modulate the reaction pathway by suppressing the complete cracking of CH₄ into carbon while simultaneously promoting the conversion of *CH intermediates into *CHO species. The SOFC with the STNR catalytic layer achieves a peak power density of 462 mW cm⁻² at 700°C under CH₄/CO₂ fuel conditions and demonstrates stable operation for 100 h. These findings indicate that the confined exsolution of Ni and Ru bimetals is an effective strategy for simultaneously improving reforming activity, coking resistance, and anode stability in DRM-SOFCs.