TY - JOUR
T1 - Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Ammonia–Diesel Engine Under Diesel Pilot Injection Strategy
AU - Li, Xiaopan
AU - Wu, Sunchu
AU - Yang, Zihui
AU - Yi, Gang
AU - Wang, Wei
AU - Nie, Yaohui
AU - Xiang, Jiacheng
AU - Xing, Shikai
AU - Gao, Jianbing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 by the authors.
PY - 2026/5
Y1 - 2026/5
N2 - As a carbon-free fuel, ammonia can substantially reduce the carbon footprint of internal combustion engines. However, its slow flame propagation speed and high ignition temperature present combustion challenges. A dual-fuel engine combining ammonia with diesel can effectively address these issues and enhance combustion performance. This study investigates the effects of diesel split ratio (DSR), start of diesel pre-injection (SODI-pre), and start of diesel main-injection (SODI-main). The results indicate that, compared to single diesel injection, segmented diesel injection significantly improves mixture distribution and reactivity, leading to enhanced flame propagation. With a pre-injection ratio of 10% and SODI-pre advanced to −62 °CA, the indicated thermal efficiency increases from 45.35% to 47.61%. Meanwhile, NH3 emissions decrease from 1707 ppm to 689 ppm, and greenhouse gas N2O concentration drops from 370 ppm to 251 ppm. Nevertheless, elevated NOx emissions remain a significant challenge.
AB - As a carbon-free fuel, ammonia can substantially reduce the carbon footprint of internal combustion engines. However, its slow flame propagation speed and high ignition temperature present combustion challenges. A dual-fuel engine combining ammonia with diesel can effectively address these issues and enhance combustion performance. This study investigates the effects of diesel split ratio (DSR), start of diesel pre-injection (SODI-pre), and start of diesel main-injection (SODI-main). The results indicate that, compared to single diesel injection, segmented diesel injection significantly improves mixture distribution and reactivity, leading to enhanced flame propagation. With a pre-injection ratio of 10% and SODI-pre advanced to −62 °CA, the indicated thermal efficiency increases from 45.35% to 47.61%. Meanwhile, NH3 emissions decrease from 1707 ppm to 689 ppm, and greenhouse gas N2O concentration drops from 370 ppm to 251 ppm. Nevertheless, elevated NOx emissions remain a significant challenge.
KW - ammonia/diesel dual fuel engines
KW - combustion characteristics
KW - emissions characteristics
KW - indicated thermal efficiency
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105038607496
U2 - 10.3390/pr14091445
DO - 10.3390/pr14091445
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105038607496
SN - 2227-9717
VL - 14
JO - Processes
JF - Processes
IS - 9
M1 - 1445
ER -