Risk-benefit perceptions and public acceptance of hydrogen e-bikes

Conventional electric bicycles, which primarily rely on lithium batteries, face significant challenges, such as battery fires and the arduous task of recycling waste batteries. Hydrogen e-bikes (HEBs), powered by hydrogen fuel cells, offer distinct advantages like enhanced battery safety and environmental sustainability, positioning them as emerging green transport solutions for future cities. However, the application of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in the context of HEBs remains unexplored. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of research extending TAM through the lens of risk-benefit perception. To bridge this gap, our study gathered data via online questionnaires in the context of Beijing, China. By employing structural equation modelling and bootstrap technique, we uncovered the complex mechanisms linking risk-benefit perception to the acceptance of HEBs. Additionally, we identified specific indirect pathways. Our findings not only expand the TAM theory but also provide strategic insights to enhance public acceptance of HEBs, thereby promoting sustainable transportation development.