Review on Research Progress and Application of Low-temperature Heating Techniques for Lithium-ion Batteries

The new energy vehicles, exemplified by electric vehicles (EVs), have embraced unprecedented opportunities for development. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), leveraging their advantages such as high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and long lifespan, have emerged as the mainstream choice for EV power systems. However, the significant degradation of LIBs performance at low temperatures directly leads to reduced driving range, prolonged charging time, and potential safety hazards for EVs, posing a core challenge to their widespread adoption. Low-temperature heating, as one of the key methods to overcome the performance bottleneck of batteries at low temperatures, is currently the focus of industry research. This study comprehensively summarizes and discusses the latest advancements in low-temperature heating technologies for LIBs and their current application status in real vehicles, encompassing external heating, internal heating, and hybrid heating. It thoroughly elaborates on the principles, latest progress, strengths, weaknesses, and potential optimization opportunities of each technology. Additionally, it conducts a qualitative comparison of each technology and analyzes the current application status of heating technologies in real vehicles. Finally, the paper explores the future development prospects of low-temperature heating technologies, with an emphasis on key technological breakthroughs and opportunities, providing a comprehensive perspective for the next steps in research and real-vehicle applications of low-temperature heating technologies.