Research progress on laser processing of carbon fiber composite materials

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a high-performance composite material composed of carbon fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. CFRP is extensively used in various sectors such as aerospace, automotive, sports equipment, and construction due to its advantageous properties. Laser processing offers numerous advantages when working with carbon fiber-reinforced composites, including its non-contact nature, precision, efficiency, and controllability. However, disparities between carbon fibers and the polymer matrix can lead to challenges during laser processing, such as delamination, heat-affected zones, and fiber pullout. Consequently, there is a substantial body of literature focusing on improving the quality and efficiency of laser processing for CFRP materials. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various studies investigating the impact of laser parameters (laser mode, pulse frequency, pulse width, and laser wavelength) on carbon fiber-reinforced plastics. It discusses how different laser parameters affect the processing quality and performance of these materials. Additionally, drawing from recent research findings, the paper explores potential future trends in laser processing for carbon fiber-reinforced plastics. Highlights: The application of laser technology in CFRP, including laser cutting, drilling, welding, and surface treatment, has been extensively researched. A detailed discussion is held regarding the impact of laser mode, wavelength, frequency, and pulse width on the quality of machining. More auxiliary processing has evolved in CFRP manufacturing due to the ongoing advancements in laser technology. The goals of laser processing CFRP technology are increasingly focused on reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy efficiency, and minimizing waste.