Research Progress of Advanced Carbon Materials for Room-Temperature Sodium-Ion Battery

Sodium-Ion batteries (SIBs) operating at room temperature are very promising to serve as a new generation of energy storage choice with the increasing demand for low-cost high-performance devices for large-scale energy storage. Among different candidates, carbon-based material is one of the most promising choices for the practical applications of SIB anodes in virtue of their excellent electrochemical properties, low cost and high safety. Notably, bulk-diffusion type carbon and surface-adsorption type carbon show remarkable differences in sodium-storage sites, electrochemical behaviors and material design principles. This article reviews the state-of-the-art research progress of these two types of carbon materials. The mechanism for their sodium-storage, electrolyte matching and electrochemical performance improvement are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future research related to carbon-based anode materials for SIBs is proposed.