Research on Integrated Lunar Communication and Navigation Architecture and Joint Orbit Determination Methodology

To address key technical challenges of constellation design and high-precision orbit determination for the Lunar Communication and Navigation System(LCNS)an integrated orbit determination architecture which leverages multi-type orbital constellations and multi-source tracking resources from Earth, the Moon, and space was proposed. A hybrid constellation, comprising low lunar circular orbits, frozen elliptical orbits, and near-rectilinear Halo orbits, was designed based on lunar orbital dynamics to enhance coverage across global lunar surface and critical regions. For orbit determination, five observation modes were systematically compared and analyzed: Earth-based only, Moon-based only, Earth-based with inter-satellite, Moon-based with inter-satellite, and Earth-Moon-space joint modes. Their respective orbit determination accuracies were quantitatively evaluated. Simulation results demonstrate that the Earth-Moon-space joint mode substantially outperformed conventional approaches, improving accuracy from the meter level (in Earth-based only mode)to the centimeter level, thereby greatly enhancing navigation and positioning reliability for polar and far-side lunar missions. These findings provide theoretical support and engineering guidance for top-level constellation design, multi-mode orbit determination strategies, and the optimization of allocation resources allocation in future LCNS development.