Recent progress in two-dimensional materials for microwave absorption applications

Two-dimensional materials refer to materials in which electrons can only move freely on the nanometer scale in two dimensions and have more diverse structures and diverse properties than solid-phase materials. In the past decade, two-dimensional materials have attracted considerable attention due to their most excellent physical properties, such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and MXenes. Meanwhile, due to their special structures, excellent electrical conductivity, rich surface and good mechanical strength, two-dimensional materials have unique electromagnetic properties and have potential applications in electromagnetic wave absorption, shielding and radar stealth. In this review, the progress in two-dimensional microwave absorption materials is reviewed objectively, including graphene, MoS₂ and MXenes, as well as their composites, focusing on the achievements of the past few years and the current challenges. In addition, the performances of two-dimensional microwave absorption materials in different frequency ranges and the application in electronic communication and radar stealth will also discussed.