Recent advances in the fabrication and application of nanomaterial-based enzymatic microsystems in chemical and biological sciences

Novel enzymatic microsystems have strong prospects in chemical and biological analysis due to their low consumption of reagents, fast analysis time, easy manipulation and satisfactory portability. Nanomaterials (NMs)provide a favorable platform for integrating enzymes into microsystems with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. Various NM-enzyme immobilization strategies applied in the fabrication of capillary-based and chip-based enzymatic microsystems are summarized in this manuscript. We focus on highlighting the advantages of employing NM-based enzymatic microsystems for enantioseparation, inhibitor screening, bioreaction and biosensing. Innovative nanocomposites and NM-functionalized monoliths used to construct multienzymatic microsystems are also illustrated. The general development trend identified in this review indicates that the application of NMs has significantly improved enzymatic microsystem performance.