Recent advances in sustainable biomass-based aerogels: a review

Biomass-based aerogels are a new type of porous material obtained from biomass raw materials. Compared with traditional inorganic aerogels such as carbide aerogels, oxide aerogels and sulfide aerogels, they have the outstanding advantages of greenness and sustainability, which have attracted more and more attention from researchers. The characteristics of environmental friendliness, presence of surface multi-functional groups and biocompatibility of biomass make them suitable for improving the eco friendliness of traditional flame retardant materials, adsorption of oily pollutants and medical treatment applications. This review mainly provides an introduction to the preparation methods, properties and applications of pure biomass-based aerogels and functionalized and modified biomass-based aerogels. At the same time, it points out the limitations of biomass-based aerogels according to existing research and compares them with traditional aerogels to finally propose innovative ideas for new research directions and industrialization in this field.