TY - JOUR
T1 - Programmatic encapsulation of hydrazine within polynitro frameworks for superior self-redox systems
AU - Xu, Xudong
AU - Sun, Qi
AU - Ding, Ning
AU - Wei, Zihao
AU - Huang, Aoxue
AU - Li, Xudong
AU - Ren, Xiaoting
AU - He, Jinxuan
AU - Li, Shenghua
AU - Pang, Siping
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2026 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
PY - 2026/7/15
Y1 - 2026/7/15
N2 - The controllable storage and efficient application of hydrazine (N2H4), a vital yet hazardous chemical, remains a continuous challenge. Herein, we report a series of polynitro frameworks (PNFs), PNF-4, PNF-5, and PNF-6, that achieve molecularly precise and programmable encapsulation of four, five, and six N2H4 molecules per unit cell, respectively. This precise loading is facilitated by a structural reconfiguration of the host framework, which immobilizes guest molecules via extensive hydrogen bonds—up to 36 pairs in PNF-6. Consequently, the confined neutral N2H4 exhibits record-high thermal stability, with decomposition initiating at 201°C. Furthermore, the integration of fuel (N2H4) and oxidizer (nitro groups) creates a superior self-redox system, which enhances the propulsion performance of formulation containing PNF-6. This work provides an effective strategy for the precise, safe, and high-energy storage of N2H4 for advanced aerospace applications while also offering previously unidentified insights for integrating reactive, small molecules into adaptive frameworks for multifunctional systems.
AB - The controllable storage and efficient application of hydrazine (N2H4), a vital yet hazardous chemical, remains a continuous challenge. Herein, we report a series of polynitro frameworks (PNFs), PNF-4, PNF-5, and PNF-6, that achieve molecularly precise and programmable encapsulation of four, five, and six N2H4 molecules per unit cell, respectively. This precise loading is facilitated by a structural reconfiguration of the host framework, which immobilizes guest molecules via extensive hydrogen bonds—up to 36 pairs in PNF-6. Consequently, the confined neutral N2H4 exhibits record-high thermal stability, with decomposition initiating at 201°C. Furthermore, the integration of fuel (N2H4) and oxidizer (nitro groups) creates a superior self-redox system, which enhances the propulsion performance of formulation containing PNF-6. This work provides an effective strategy for the precise, safe, and high-energy storage of N2H4 for advanced aerospace applications while also offering previously unidentified insights for integrating reactive, small molecules into adaptive frameworks for multifunctional systems.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105045570536
U2 - 10.1126/sciadv.aee8120
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.aee8120
M3 - Article
C2 - 42455884
AN - SCOPUS:105045570536
SN - 2375-2548
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 11
JO - Science advances
JF - Science advances
IS - 29
M1 - eaee8120
ER -