Programmable particles patterning by multifrequency excitation radiation force of acoustic resonance modes

Acoustic radiation force has been extensively investigated to trap and spatially manipulate particles into various patterns. Existing acoustical methods for particles manipulation are developed by designing the acoustic structures or modulating the transducers arrays. These patterns and trajectories manipulation of particles have been limited to nodal lines by the prefabricated acoustic structures. Additionally, the acoustic potential field is limited by the wavelength due to the excitation of narrow frequency band, which is only suitable for local trapping and translation of particles. It is challenging to accomplish various programmable particles patterning by acoustic radiation force. In this work, we theoretically and numerically investigate the mechanisms for multifrequency excitation radiation force of acoustic resonance modes. The acoustic potential field can be programmed to arbitrary functional distributions by simultaneously exciting multiple resonance modes. Thus, we propose the programmable algorithm for arbitrary acoustic radiation potential, particles are trapped at the minima, forming a wide variety of patterns. Further, the selective manipulation of particles is realized by the programmable localized maximum of the acoustic radiation potential. Finally, the temporally modulated patterns of particles are achieved through modulating the positions of the localized maximum of acoustic radiation potential. This work paves the way for manipulation of arbitrary functional acoustic potential field, thereby opening up the realm of programmable particles patterning.