Photoexcitation Induced Quantum Dynamics of Charge Density Wave and Emergence of a Collective Mode in 1 T-TaS₂

Photoexcitation is a powerful means in distinguishing different interactions and manipulating the states of matter, especially in charge density wave (CDW) materials. The CDW state of 1T-TaS₂ has been widely studied experimentally mainly because of its intriguing laser-induced ultrafast responses of electronic and lattice subsystems. However, the microscopic atomic dynamics and underlying electronic mechanism upon photoexcitation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate photoexcitation induced ultrafast dynamics of CDW in 1T-TaS₂ using time-dependent density functional theory molecular dynamics. We discover a novel collective oscillation mode between the CDW state and a transient state induced by photodoping, which is significantly different from thermally induced phonon mode and attributed to the modification of the potential energy surface from laser excitation. In addition, our finding validates nonthermal melting of CDW induced at low light intensities, supporting that conventional hot electron model is inadequate to explain photoinduced dynamics.