Particles from Compression and Spark Ignition Engines

Both particle mass and number emissions from ‘internal combustion (IC) engines’ are discussed in relation to particle control technologies that are applied to IC engines. Since the formation mechanism of particles from ‘compression ignition (CI) engines’ and ‘spark ignition (SI) engines’ differ, the particles from these two categories of engines are presented individually in the chapter. Firstly, a detailed analysis of ‘particulate matter’ (PM) is made regarding particle number and size distribution, chemical composition, as well as control methodology. Then, the physical properties of ‘port fuel injection (PFI) engines’ (PFI engines) and ‘direct fuel injection (DI) engines’ are illustrated before the main factors relating to them.