Parameter matching and real-time energy management for multi-hydrogen hybrid power system for intercity electric multiple unit train

With the continuous development of hydrogen power generation devices, the application of hydrogen internal combustion engines (HICE), fuel cells (FC) and other power generation devices in the transportation field is also increasing. The complementary characteristics of FCs and HICEs in terms of power characteristics and high efficiency range make their application possible in high-power load scenarios such as rail transit. This paper focuses on the power system of intercity electric multiple unit (EMU) trains, using FC, HICE, and lithium batteries (LB) as power sources, and has conducted research on parameter matching and energy management for hybrid power systems (HPS). For parameter matching, the annual comprehensive cost is proposed to optimize the configuration of each source, achieving collaborative optimization of multiple objectives such as mass, volume, and operation and maintenance costs of the HPS. For energy management, a hierarchical control structure is built in this paper: In bottom-level control, based on the joint efficiency distribution of FC and HICE, the consumption coefficient fusion method is proposed to solve the power allocation between them; In top-level control, a new concept named battery cost state are proposed to measure the real-time cost of the energy stored in LB, and thus derived the cost state coefficient to accurately calculate the optimal output power of the hydrogen power system, thereby achieving the optimal power allocation between the hydrogen power system and the battery. Finally, according to the actual operating data, the Typhoon hardware in the loop platform is also used to verify the real-time control of the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed method has significant advantages in both hydrogen consumption and low fluctuations.