On-Screen Widget Location in Eye-Controlled Interaction: Impact on Positioning Error Across Different Environments

Eye-controlled interaction demonstrates extensive application prospects in scenarios such as driving and maritime navigation. However, its gaze-positioning accuracy is susceptible to constraints imposed by the placement of on-screen widgets across different environmental conditions. This study systematically investigates the influence mechanism of on-screen widget position on gaze-positioning error under three experimental conditions: static, low-vibration, and high-vibration environments. The results indicate that widget location significantly affects positioning error across all environments, following quantifiable patterns: error magnitude along the X/Y axes increases laterally with distance from the screen center, while longitudinally it exhibits directional asymmetry, with significantly higher error values in lower screen regions compared to upper regions. This research quantifies the vibration-position coupling effect in gaze-based interaction under mechanical vibration, providing a theoretical basis for designing gaze-interaction interfaces in dynamic scenarios and advancing optimization strategies for interaction stability in dynamically complex environments.