Numerical investigation of spin effect on water-skipping of spheres

Water-skipping is a fascinating phenomenon in both natural science and engineering. In the present study, a three-dimensional numerical method based on the boundary data immersion method (BDIM) and the volume of fluid method (VOF) is applied to simulate the water-skipping of rigid spheres with and without spin. Numerical results are validated with theories and experiments in the case of the water-skipping of a rigid sphere without spin. We discuss the effect of the spin in three different directions of the water-skipping. The results show that the different rotation velocity directions will lead to the Magnus effect and the deviation of the trajectory of the sphere. Moreover, this algorithm can well simulate the characteristics of the water surface cavity and the Q value distribution.