Next-generation lithium-ion batteries: lithium-rich layered-rocksalt intergrown cathodes enabling high-capacity, high-rate, and long-cycling stability

Under the backdrop of global energy transition, the performance breakthrough of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cathodes remains a critical challenge. Conventional lithium-rich (Li-rich) layered materials fail to meet the needs of next-generation high-performance LIBs due to structural flaws, while emerging rocksalt materials have great energy storage potential but poor rate performance. Constructing Li-rich layered-rocksalt intergrown materials is a core approach to enhance comprehensive performance, balancing high capacity, high rate, and long cycle life by integrating the advantages of Li-rich layered and rocksalt phases. However, due to complex synthesis processes and structural diversity, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of Li-rich layered-rocksalt intergrown materials. Therefore, a comprehensive summary of the research progress and challenges is extremely important. This paper first reviews the synthesis strategies, charge compensation mechanisms, and performance of emerging rocksalt materials, then focuses on the design concepts and preparation methods of Li-rich layered-rocksalt intergrown cathodes, analyzes their excellent electrochemical performance characteristics and charge composition mechanisms, and proposes targeted optimization approaches. Finally, by integrating advanced characterization techniques, the structure-performance relationship of Li-rich layered-rocksalt intergrown cathodes is deeply interpreted. This review aims to provide theoretical references for the development of the next-generation high-performance cathodes.